Upcoming Program Takes a “Peek at Prohibition”

By Traci Langworthy

Marion Manning made a grisly discovery along the lakeshore near Sheridan Bay Park in April of 1928. There before him in the thawing lake ice was the body of a man, frozen in a state of decomposition.

If the initial find weren’t jarring enough, the ensuing investigation brought more startling news. When the deceased was identified as a New York City man wanted on federal bootlegging charges, locals might have disbelieved their ears. Then again, they were living in atypical times. What might have been a big headline in another era was a Page Eight follow-up report at the height of Prohibition.

As it turned out, the dead man was one of two suspects attached to a rum-running vessel that wrecked near Dunkirk the preceding January. Though his story ended more dramatically than most, it was highly representative of the time and place. After the 18^th Amendment banned the sale, manufacture, and transport of alcoholic beverages beginning in 1920, illicit activities involving liquor became commonplace around the nation. But our area witnessed more than its fair share.

The evidence abounds in area newspapers – as Karen Livsey and Sam Genco quickly found out when they began researching the topic about two years ago. In addition to colorful press coverage, they also found a treasure trove of information in the files of Livsey’s relative, Axel Levin of Busti. Elected Chautauqua County Sheriff in 1924, Levin was on the front lines of law enforcement’s efforts to crack down on violations.

Those curious to learn what Levin’s records reveal can mark their calendars for Tuesday, June 10, when Genco and Livsey will present “A Peek at Prohibition in Chautauqua County” at the Sheridan Historical Center. The 7 p.m. program is free and open to the public.

One thing the speakers will surely confirm is the difficulty of Levin’s job. After the 18^th Amendment became the law of the land, Congress established a system of enforcement under the Volstead Act. U.S. Marshals in the Bureau of Prohibition were the principal enforcement agents, but they relied extensively on local law enforcement.

“It wasn’t a simple matter of raiding saloons and stills. Sellers and consumers of alcohol were inventive in their efforts to circumvent the law,” Genco and Livsey noted. Country “dance halls” might pop up on one farm, be shut down, and surface again at another man’s barn. During one week in August of 1925, the sheriff’s men, along with state troopers, raided five separate public barn dances. Speakeasies flourished, meanwhile, in the county’s villages and cities.

But the hardest task of local law enforcement may have been curbing the importation of alcohol along the Lake Erie shoreline. On April 21, 1927, The Silver Creek News carried a long indictment of Prohibition’s many failures by George Ramsay McIntyre, financial editor of the Chicago American. A native of Silver Creek, McIntyre stressed the “trail of illegal traffic in liquor” that could be followed in “thousands of smaller places throughout the land” in addition to the largest cities. Feeding this trail was an appetite for greed that knew no moral mounds, let alone international borders. “Thousands of miles of border between this country and Canada must be guarded against smuggled liquor,” he stressed. “The United States has already spent many millions in the effort to prevent the landing of liquor on our shores, but it has gone forward steadily and uninterruptedly.”

As Genco and Livsey further detailed, “the Volstead Act defined intoxicating liquor as any liquid with over one-half of 1 percent alcohol, although Canada’s limit was 2.5 percent. Canada’s ‘dry’ period also started and ended earlier than in the U.S. and the exportation of liquor from Canada was never illegal.” These conditions were ripe for exploitation. With the lucrative rum-running trade that developed across Lake Erie, it was not uncommon for “running gun battles” to erupt at the lakeshore as federal agents “pursued, and occasionally caught, the rum-running vessels,” Genco added.

Such wild scenes make a dead body in the ice seem tame by comparison. They also provide helpful context for why an accused liquor trafficker might have met his tragic fate along the shore of Chautauqua County.

The Westfield Republican article reporting on Manning’s grisly find identified the body as that of Arnold Peterson of New York City. Authorities believed Peterson and his partner, Wallace Dunn of Buffalo, were on their way back to Canada at the time their boat floundered, having already unloaded their cargo in Erie, Pa. Dunn was assumed to have perished in the lake, as well, though his body had not been found.

Did the two men abandon ship before the boat scuttled on the beach? Or did they leave the wreck to avoid being apprehended, only to succumb to stormy surf? Either way, it seems Lake Erie became the decider of their fates.

 

This summer’s events at the SHS build on some recent favorites, while also striking out in new territory. We’ll welcome our friend, Ron Nasca of Fredonia, for a program on traditional pottery-making and sit back for what’s becoming an annual tradition in town: a community concert with the New Horizons Band. But first we’ll take a walk on the wild side and follow Sam Genco and Karen Livsey as they chase after tales of rum-runners and secret stills. The full calendar run-down follows.

Monday, May 26th: Annual Memorial Day Open House, 10 a.m. – 2 p.m. Featuring a WWII veterans newspaper display and screening of vintage video of Sheridan’s Sesquicentennial celebration in 1954

Tuesday, June 10th: Open house 5 – 7 p.m. followed by 7 p.m. program “A Peek at Prohibition in Chautauqua County” with guest speakers Sam Genco and Karen Livsey

Tuesday, June 24th: Open house 5 – 7 p.m. followed by 7 p.m. program with local potter Ron Nasca titled “Sheridan Clay, Can You Dig It?”

July 15th – 20th: Chautauqua County Fair. Check out the SHS exhibit in Floral Hall, Central Avenue, Dunkirk, N.Y.

Wednesday, July 23rd: New Horizon Band Concert at 6:30 p.m., Sheridan Municipal Complex, 2773 Rt. 20 Sheridan. Bring a chair. Refreshments will be for sale with proceeds to benefit the SHS.

Monday, July 28th: Open house, 4 – 6 p.m., with speaker TBA

Saturday, August 23rd: Check out our exhibit at the Chautauqua County History Expo 10 a.m. – 4 p.m., Fluvanna Community Church, 3363 Fluvanna Avenue, Jamestown, N.Y.

Monday, August 25th: Open hours 4 – 6 p.m.

Tuesday, November 4th: Annual Election Day Bake Sale & Open House 9 a.m. – 3 p.m.

We’re also open by appointment. Please call (716) 960-9026 or (716) 673-1822 to make arrangements.

Family Artifacts Honor Memory of Local Master Carpenter

This past fall brought the addition of two items to the SHS collection with special importance to the society. Both belonged to William E. Johnson (1855-1939), the local master carpenter who oversaw construction of the hall that now houses the Sheridan Historical Center.

As followers of the SHS may recall, the Historical Center was originally built in 1927 for the Sheridan chapter of the Independent Order of the Odd Fellows (IOOF). According to Glenna Niebel’s history of the building, Johnson prepared the plans and laid out the work, with the assistance of Harvey M. Bailey. When the hall was complete, a newspaper notice appearing in the Dunkirk Evening Observer noted the “special interest” Johnson had taken in the project, as a charter member of the Sheridan IOOF. “It is due largely to his interest that the lodge has so fine a structure at a moderate a cost,” the article noted.

The same could be said for other structures, in town, too. The historical record shows that Johnson started out in farm labor, likely on his father Andrew’s farm. But by the 1880 U.S. Census he was listed as a carpenter. By the time of Sheridan’s sesquicentennial celebration in 1954, it was noted in The Sheridan Settler that he had worked with his uncle (who was also named William Johnson) to build “many of the Sheridan houses of 1890-1925.” Indeed, the Johnsons left an unparalleled mark on Sheridan’s built landscape.

Though the donated artifacts don’t relate directly to William E.’s carpentry career, they speak to his legacy as a family man who was active in the community. They also reveal another talent that he shared with his neighbors and friends. They include a wooden armchair that belonged to Johnson and a woolen hat he wore while performing in a local band. Both items were passed down through the family to donors William S. Rice and his wife, Susan. William was married to Cora Ella Aldrich (1861-1927) and had four daughters: Grace, Licenna, Martha, and Frankie. His daughter, Frankie E. Johnson Rice, was William’s mother.

The second item is a fun reminder of the talented musicians who have lived in town through the years. A photo of William’s band shows him in the center of the back row holding what appears to be a French horn. The letters that are barely identifiable on the musicians’ hats suggest they may have been the Sheridan Cornet Band (SCB), which was remembered to have played at many Memorial Day celebrations in the 1890s. The sesquicentennial Sheridan Settler refers to a “well organized and colorfully outfitted band which led every Memorial Day parade.”

Notably, the Odd Fellows also boasted an orchestra with Henry Miller playing the “fiddle,” Alfred DeLand the “bass viol,” Will Craswell the flute, and “Will Johnson” the trombone. John Griswold added harmonizing chords on the piano. If Johnson, indeed, played the trombone plus the French horn, his talents were prodigious, indeed!

 

Honoring the Legacy of Haven & Kenyon Pottery

By Traci Langworthy

It’s been nearly 200 years since the kiln of Elias Haven and Joseph Kenyon ceased operating along the bank of Scott Creek. But their legacy lives on through the work of two local men – one of whom has given new life to the same vein of clay the old potters tapped.

Located on what is now U.S. Route 20 near the intersection with New Road, the Haven and Kenyon pottery shop was in operation as early as 1818. That makes it the second oldest pottery manufactory in Chautauqua County, according to local historian Vincent Martonis. But its significance goes beyond local history. “Haven and Kenyon is easily one of the most important pottery sites in New York State,” Martonis shared.

Martonis has been working to raise awareness of the site since the 1980s. In 1986, after four years of research, he was able to confirm the approximate location along Scott Creek in Holland Land Company Lot 60. Fast forward to 2024. In March, Martonis published The Haven and Kenyon Redware Pottery of Sheridan, N.Y., a richly illustrated book that’s been decades in the making. Not long after, he also shared his findings at the prestigious Bennington Museum in Vermont.

Back at home, Martonis’s research was the subject of a historical society program in late June. Those on hand were able to view a sampling of sherds, as well as the four full pieces Martonis has been able to attribute to Haven and Kenyon. The full pieces include a flask, two jugs, and a sander (used for blotting ink when writing with a quill pen). Each possesses traits of the Sheridan potters’ distinctive craftsmanship. A separate plate forms the base of Haven and Kenyon jugs, for example.

But it’s the Sheridan duo’s creativity that makes their work truly shine. The variation of colors they achieved in their glazes is “absolutely astounding,” Martonis said. With the possible exception of an early manufactory south of Rochester, “I don’t know of another pottery in New York State that can match it,” he added.

The Sheridan potters also stand out for their use of “slip decoration” on the outside of their vessels. The decorations could be as simple as lines or wave patterns drawn with the finger. But Haven and Kenyon also experimented with more complex designs, including those incised with a special tool. “Incised animal decoration is not found at any other redware site in our state before 1829,” Martonis detailed, adding, “These decorations are what make Haven and Kenyon a remarkable pottery.” One of Martonis’s favorite artifacts is a sherd revealing part of a bird decoration.

Clearly, this sort of craftsmanship deserves to be honored today. And not just with a book. This is where another local admirer of Haven and Kenyon’s work enters the story.

Earlier this year, Martonis recruited local potter Ron Nasca to fashion a Haven and Kenyon style flask using clay from the site of the pottery. Nasca also had another idea: to make Haven and Kenyon bowls for the popular “Empty Bowls” fundraiser he spearheads every fall.

Begun in Michigan in the early 1990’s, Empty Bowls is now an international fundraising model used to combat food insecurity in local communities. Potters and ceramics studios from around the U.S. donate bowls to either sell or be given away at ticketed meals.

Nasca has been a part of the Chautauqua County Empty Bowls Project for 15 years now. The first effort raised about $5,000. Since then, the program has grown to include benefit sales in both Fredonia and Jamestown garnering about $381,000 total since its inception. The proceeds go entirely to local food banks. “To use the phrase empty bowls all the money has to stay in the area that it was raised in to help feed the hungry,” Nasca explained.

This year’s fundraisers will be held on Saturday, Nov. 23 at the Wheelock Elementary School gymnasium in Fredonia and Saturday, Dec. 7 at St. Luke’s Episcopal Church in Jamestown. The Fredonia sale will feature 75 bowls crafted exclusively by Nasca from clay harvested at the Haven and Kenyon site. “They’ll have an orange paper banner on them saying ‘Haven and Kenyon clay’ from Sheridan, N.Y.,” Nasca shared.

In addition to raising money for an essential cause, the bowls will also raise awareness of our area’s rich history. As Lori Mayr, SHS president, has noted in her research, “Pottery makers provided early American settlers with much needed household goods. Handmade redware was used for storing, preparing, and serving food. Potters also formed redware into such necessities as inkwells and chamber pots.”

“Redware as a term wasn’t used until the late 1800s,” Martonis added. “At the time, it was called earthenware.” The label perfectly represents the source of materials: local clays that early potters found by walking local creeks.

Finding the clay deposits at the Haven and Kenyon site presented a bit of a challenge at first. Mayr and her husband, Stefan, also happen to be the owners of the property today. Together with Nasca and Martonis they identified a couple of possible locations. Then they went to work with their shovels. After striking out on their first attempt they hit a “really good seam of clay” about 18 inches deep at a second spot. Nasca left with two heavy buckets of promising muck.

And that was just the beginning of the process. As Nasca’s narration made apparent, it’s not just the source of the clay that makes his Haven and Kenyon bowls special. There’s a lot of time and care that goes into processing the raw material and making it suitable for the final products. Although Nasca can’t say for sure, the work is probably not unlike the work that Haven and Kenyon did to bring their visions to fruition. “The clay has a lot of rocks and twigs and whatever in it because it’s from sedimentary deposits,” he explained. The cleaning process requires several iterations and many hours of labor. “I don’t know exactly how they did it, but cleaning is essential. Throwing a pot with a big rock in it is not a fun time,” he joked.

It was also tricky for Nasca to figure out the best composition to be able to fire the clay at a high enough temperature. “They only got to about 1900 degrees,” he explained. But their final product wasn’t food-safe by today’s standards. “What we do is I fire it to 1800 degrees. Then I put glaze on it and fire it again to 2200 degrees.” The intensity of this firing process required that Nasca combine the Sheridan clay with some additional base. “The pots at Wheelock will be about 70 percent Haven and Kenyon clay and then about 30 percent other clay I added to it to bring it up to temperature,” he detailed.

Of the cleaning process, especially, Nasca joked, “It’s not a thing you’d want to do every day.” But it’s not without reward either. “It’s a labor of love for me,” he stressed. Haven and Kenyon might just agree if they were here today – although they might be surprised by the following Nasca’s work gets in 2024.

“We had 508 people show up at Empty Bowls last year in Fredonia,” Nasca noted. Those wanting to purchase one of the Haven and Kenyon bowls are encouraged to arrive early.  The sale runs from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the Wheelock Elementary School gymnasium.

Those interested in purchasing Martonis’s book may find copies for sale at both the Barker Museum in Fredonia and Fenton History Center in Jamestown. Or, they are welcome to contact Martonis directly at (716) 208-1013. Martonis also donated a copy to the SHS for use by future researchers.

“First Settlement” Monument Gets Much Needed Repairs

The stone monument commemorating the site of Sheridan’s first recorded white “settlement” finally has a new concrete surround, thanks to property owners Tony and Rose Ann Falcone. The Falcones were pleased to donate the materials and labor, so that the site could be ready for its annual Memorial Day planting.

“Tony and I are only a part of the list of those who have taken care of the monument over the years,” Rose Ann said. Although the Town of Sheridan officially oversees the site, the historical society has always taken responsibility for planting flowers every May. Since joining the Society several years ago, the Falcones have happily taken up the charge.

“I have always thought the landmark was, and is, an important part of the history of Sheridan,” Rose Ann shared, adding, “We are proud to own the land around the site.”

When it was erected on August 25, 1904,  the monument was in celebration of the 100^th anniversary of Francis Webber’s purchase of the land in 1804. Although he was soon followed by members of the Stebbins family across the road, Webber was the first white settler to purchase land within the Holland Land Company township that eventually became Sheridan, New York. Early county histories also indicate that he kept an early tavern on site.

This year marks the 220th anniversary of this early milestone. That would be reason enough to celebrate the monument’s repair. The Falcones’ generosity adds another layer of appreciation. The elements had taken a toll on the existing skirting, leaving it too damaged for minor repairs. After receiving the blessing of town officials, Tony saw to the replacement of the concrete and also added fill before reseeding the surrounding grass. The grass may not be up in time for Memorial Day, but the flowers surely will be! The historical society is grateful to both Tony and Rose Ann for all they have done to keep the monument standing proud and strong.

 

A Peek Into early 1870s Sheridan

By Virginia T. Becker

How quickly a power outage can shock us back to the 1800s! How dependent we, in the 21^st century, have become on electric lights and automatic heat – not to mention cable TV, internet, and phones. Lack of access to the outside world hits home with the realization that your emergency cell phone isn’t charged. So, when the power poles and cables just west of Sheridan Center toppled in 70 mph gusts, I traveled back to 1871 by necessity, and with curiosity.

Rather than tune to the news of the day, I lit two candles to explore an 1871-1873 journal kept by George E. McLaury, a former Sheridan resident. Two candles seemed fitting for this endeavor. My mother used to talk  about how her father used one candle to read most of his print material. But when the Saturday Evening Post arrived, two were lit. Also, I was well aware that George McLaury likely recorded his thoughts by candle or kerosene lamp light. What follows is a glimpse of what my candle glow revealed about life in Sheridan at that time, along with additional background on this journal keeper.

George Everell McLaury (1838–1919) was a farmer best known in local history as supervisor for the town of Sheridan from 1898 to 1904. He was the son of Thomas Moore (1815-1879) and Hannah L. (1815-1867) McLaury. Eleven-year-old George appears in the 1850 federal census with his family in the town of Evans, N.Y. He arrived in Sheridan with his father in 1858 and remained in town, except for his time spent in Ohio during the Civil War. He and Carrie (Caroline) Eliza Jackson (1838–1916) were married August 27, 1860, and were enumerated in Sheridan in the 1865 New York State census. A map of Sheridan in The New Topographical Atlas of Chautauqua County, New York, 1867 indicates that George owned property on the north side of U.S. Route 20, a little west of what was known as Merrill Road in Lot 28. His father owned property in Lot 27 on the south side, across from Merrill Road. By 1881, it appears that they had switched properties, possibly in 1871; on April 1, 1871 he declared in the forward to his journal how he came to said property:

Have hired of Father his share of this place consisting of 26 acres together with his share of stock which consists of 3 ½ cows and heifers value about $170 – 2 calves value about $20 – 8 ½ sheep value about $25. for which I am to pay him $150 per annum & all taxes & if there is fruit he is to have what apples he wants to use

This note was followed by a further inventory of tools:

List of Farming tools & other personal property owned by me at present time as near as I can remember: 1 mowing machine, 1 plow, 1 Horse hoe, ½ Hay rack, ½ Double harness, 1 Single harness, 1 Single buggy, 1 Barn shovel, 1 ditching shovel, Hay fork (2 tines), 1 Hoe, 1 wool press, ½ each of the three horses & colts named Jim, Dick & Fanny.

He also stated he had only one large debt: “I owe $200 to Marcus Stebbins.”

In an upper corner of the first page, George plotted out his property into sections, giving each a number – one through eight. Presumably, these sections referenced fields where specific crops were planted, along with his household garden.

McLaury was a steady journalist, starting out determinedly with a column for the weather and one entitled “General Remarks” followed by columns noting where he did his work, how long he worked, and “Specifications of Outgo and Income.” The general remarks revolved around how he spent his day, where he went, who he did business with or who came to visit. For example, on April 10, 1871, he wrote:

a little cooler, sprinkled some PM   Rolled two acres  plowed ground for Mrs. Hart  Got stone for horse block AM    Sold oats to Mr. Haskins. S. Morse changed 10 bu. oats for seed – plowed garden

The subsequent columns indicate that the garden was in Sector One on his map and he worked there for a quarter of an hour. Further, he purchased 10 pounds of catfish for $.70 and sold the oats for $6.40.  Though well-intentioned, sector notations gradually decreased, as seen in this entry from early 1873:

January 7, 1873: Went to the woods to work – came home at 3 PM & found Dr. Bishop & wife & Alice Shelley & Ed McCreary

Other entries illustrate how neighbors helped each other in these and other farm tasks as time from their own farms allowed. Throughout the journal we see that George labored for his father and his neighbors as well as himself, sometimes for payment and other times in kind. Both he and Carrie were willing to lend a hand:

October 11, 1871: pleasant AM  raining PM  Helped McConnell thresh all day Eve [Evening] Carrie went to S. Morses to sit up with Mrs. Morse who has a baby about 36 hours old.

Most of George’s days were spent in seasonal farm work. Journal entries include crops of corn, oats, potatoes, hay, wheat, and clover. All of these individually needed his attention throughout the year, requiring the preparing of the soil, planting, cultivating, and harvesting for market or personal use. The horses George shared with his father helped him with fieldwork and travel. There was apple picking and cider making in the fall. He kept hogs, chickens, sheep for wool, and cows that produced milk for butter or cheese. George delivered milk to the factory near Beaver Creek. He attended cheese factory meetings and was elected chairman at one meeting. He also had a wood lot where trees were cut for lumber and fuel. Much of the off season was spent in drawing and sawing wood.

The corn crop in 1871 started on May 10 by preparing the field, planting corn and “dragging on corn ground.” By May 26 the “corn was nicely up.” On June 1 cultivation  began and on June 16 George was “plastering the corn” which meant putting hydrated lime on the silk once the ears formed to keep the worms out. By July 1 some tassels appeared. On August 21 the corn was cut and the barn was filled by September 30. Husking commenced on October 3 and, on October 11, the stalks were put up. Eventually some of the corn was taken to the mill in Silver Creek.

A few days in July 1872 give an impression of the clover and hay harvest:

1^st – Carried milk drove Fan [Fannie the horse] Mowed two acres of clover  Raked part of it  2^nd – Got in my clover  3^rd – Cut 1 acre of clover in upper field & raked it up at night  Eve [Evening] went to Brays to party  4^th – Did not go anywhere  Made some ice cream for Su Ensign  Eve went to M. J. Tookes & got basket of cherries  Eve Kate Hart here  5^th – Cut a little clover & stirred out some that had got wet  Went to Fredonia  Carrie with me  Eve went to Lodge on foot  6^th – Worked at hay all day  7^th – Went to church morn  Children’s meeting  Eve J. M. Bray preached  8^th – Finished cutting my grass  Cultivated some PM & raked up my hay  Charley Andrews came  9^th – Got in my hay  Charley helped me  PM Charley & I went to Lake  Charley took cars [Erie Railroad] at center 6 PM   Helped My [Myron] Davis get in some hay

On September 26, 1872, the McLaury farm was ready for the thresher, though it didn’t arrive until dinner time. They got 66 bushels of wheat and 15 bushels of oats. It rained all day the following day, so no threshing took place. But threshing moved nearby to Otis Ensign’s property on September 28 to continue.

November and December saw the butchering of hogs, young heifers, and an occasional sheep with participants receiving portions of the meat, as indicated in this entry:

November 25, 1872: Helped My Davis butcher  D Carpenter D Convis & My Davis and myself killed 6  Went to Center after Su   Aunt Becky here

Holidays seemed to pass quietly, though some witnessed unrelated events. July 4, 1871 brought a rained-out picnic, though folks later came to see “the little boys have their bon fire and fire balls.” On May 30, 1872, George quietly mentions going “to Fredonia for grave decoration.” Christmas 1871 had elements of both the expected and unexpected:

December 24,1871: Went to church  Carrie heard M Bray  Eve went to church heard Bray talk some & 25 S School scholars repeat as many verses

December 25, 1871: Christmas  Tinkered some  Johnny Pattersons horses ran with him from the Center to Chesbros before he could stop them  Peter Frye came and took Belle to Silver Creek to take the cars for Angola

December 26, 1871: Went to town to see Grand Duke Alexis of Russia  went on foot  The train which he was on did not stop causing disappointment to a great many people  Got a ride to Center with Grant Griswold from there to Rilys [sic] with Sam Patterson  Eve Carrie went to see Aunt Hannah [The Grand Duke was traveling around the country and was passing through on his way from Buffalo to Cleveland.]

Christmas 1872, meanwhile, passed amid news of horrible tragedy in the town of Portland. At least 20 people were killed on Christmas Eve when a passenger train went off the trestle at Prospect Station and the cars erupted into flames. George recorded the following:

December 24, 1872: Very cold & Stormy – awful accident today at Prospect Station on Crosscut RR 26 killed Went to Silver Creek PM

In January 1872, there were big doings in the county that George attended:

January 16, 1872: Chored around some getting ready to go to Nashville  Father drew home his straw  Eve Carrie & I went to church (paid preacher $6.00) [Chores appear to be the daily tending of his animals or seeing to things around the house as specifics are rarely mentioned about those duties.]

January 17, 1872: Got up early  Took it afoot to Forestville  Took 8 o’clock train  Billy Ensign got train to stop at Turners bridge to let me off  [William Ensign was a railroad brakeman and George’s next door neighbor.] Walked from there to Nashville  Joined convention  Saw Mrs. Norman Brown  Staid all night at Nevins (RR fare $.25, conference ticket $.50, candy $.05) 

January 18, 1872: Attended convention all day  Eve staid all night at Nevins

January 19, 1872: Attended convention all day  Walked to Smiths Mills & took train to Sheridan Center  Staid to Lodge  Came home found folks abed  Ambrose Cash & wife here (RR fare $.20)

As there were no refrigerators in the 1870s, ice was an important commodity for preservation:

January 23, 1872: Rigged up wagon & went to cheese factory to get ice   Drew two loads before dinner  Came home and found Uncle A D Jackson & daughter   Drew one load of ice just [sic] night

January 24, 1872: Drew two loads of ice which was all the house would hold  Eve went to church

Throughout these years, George McLaury was a faithful worshipper, attending choir practice on Saturday evenings and church, sometimes twice, on Sundays. Only severe weather or illness kept him at bay. He attended the Methodist Episcopal Church at Sheridan Center which had its beginnings about 1808 and its first structure built in 1833-34. Several different preachers were mentioned in the journal, but J.M. Bray and E.D. McCreary appear frequently.

George speaks often about “Lodge” which seems to be in reference to the Good Templars in Sheridan. In one post he got the Good Templar mail, in another he arrived at the Good Templar Hall [possibly Tooke’s Hall that eventually became the Sheridan Grange] to help prepare it for an event, and in a third he attended the G. T. Lodge and Festival. Other entries on this topic include:

November 24, 1871: Husked some   Eve went to Lodge  Debated with Bray on question of Resolved that the present license system is a detriment to temperance.

February 2, 1872: Went to woods about noon & worked until about 3 o’clock   Eve went to Center to Good Templars was installed W. C. T.

February 19, 1872: Worked around the house until noon   PM went to Republican caucus   Eve Went to Fredonia with Bray to Public installation I. O. of G. T.

A separate source states that George McLaury was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.)  Were some of his lodge meetings for this organization?

George was active in civic and political endeavors. He was a Republican and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. Besides his terms as town supervisor, George served the community in other ways. In the Gazetteer and Directory of Chautauqua County, N.Y. for 1873-74, George’s father Thomas is listed as a town assessor. It appears George assisted him, then took over that role for many years. Several journal entries talk of assessing properties and meeting with the other assessors. About 1899, he became a justice of the peace.

At the Sheridan centennial celebration on August 31, 1904, in his last year as Supervisor, George gave one of several speeches commemorating the early settlement on the Collins property. It began:

We meet today to glance over the course along which the past century has come to us. The fruitage of a full hundred years has been gathered into God’s great storehouse.

The full speech and other details of this event can be found in the Sheridan section of The Centennial History of Chautauqua County, Volume II (1904).

George wrote several other essays in his day. Though his journal was concise, his way with words in essays reflected his educational background. He attended school at Eden Center, Forestville, the Fredonia Academy, and Evandale Academy of Angola. He attained a teaching certificate in 1875 and taught in a district school some winters. In August of 1871, George wrote an essay for the “Harvest Home” picnic. A few days later he consulted Dr. Bishop “for criticism on the essay.” He also noted an essay he wrote for Sunday School on the life of Joseph.

Community events received more ink than regular daily activities:

July 11, 1871: warm & sunny  Went with milk  rained hard  PM went to George Morses  bot hog ($8) & then to S. Center to law suit between road corn & Beman Butler.

July 26, 1871:  pleasant   Went on to Baldwins hill to see about place to hold picnic  Elder Bray and WR Miner with me  Concluded to hold picnic there  PM went to Silver Creek to get my horse shod  Carrie went to Albert Stebbins  Came back & took supper at Abs

August 16, 1871: Went to picnic at Baldwins Grove rode with band from Forestville  My [Myron] Davis took my team & carried ice cream & Harry Shelley to grounds  I read essay on Harvest home  S. Clark of S Creek spoke also Prof Peate & Bro Bray  Had ice cream saloon to pay expenses of band  Worked in it all day  Came home tired and dusty

August 20, 1871: Went to north woods & fought fire nearly all day  It came near to catching on Philip Browns house  We wet roof & wind changed a little so we saved it  Fire burning in Micah Englishs & also on Pattersons wood job

March 15, 1872: Went down in the north woods to see about RR accident  Accommodation train off the track  Engine & Baggage car in the ditch & nobody killed and only Fireman & Engineer not Brakeman on wricking [sic] train killed last night. Watched them getting cars on track until 2 o’clock & then came home Eve  went to Lodge on foot Rode home with Marvin Morse [An accommodation train is one that stops at all or nearly all stations.]

At this time people traveled on foot, by horse, horse and buggy or wagon, or train. George recorded his travel expenses as a matter of course. Often, neighbors would give each other a ride. George would report that someone would ride back with him from meetings or he with them.

On September 21, 1871 George went to the Fair (ticket $.50), took notes for the Chautauqua Farmer, later wrote up the notes, and then took them to the Farmer office in Forestville. In October, George also attended an international fair in Buffalo taking him three hours to get home.

As the entries below illustrate, there were celebrations and entertainment like picnics, speakers, overnight visitors, sugar parties, and concerts when the weather cooperated.

September  5, 1871: pleasant   Went to Charlotte with Otis [Ensign] and wife to Kate Hart’s picnic  Started at 8 AM got back 6 ½ PM

February 8,1872: Worked in woods PM   AM tinkered bob sleighs  Eve went to concert at Fredonia  Su Ensign & Kate Hart with us  After concert went to Abe Tunkeys  they gave us some refreshments  Got home about midnight  The Concert was given by Co convention (concert $1.00) [Abram Tunkey was a blacksmith in Fredonia.]

February 13, 1872: Went to Center to get my boots tapped  Otis with me  could not get them done  Eve started to go to concert at Fredonia but when we got to Rush Miners it stormed so we turned around and came back to Convisses & staid part of eve [It stormed for two days following.]

At the end of March 1872, George summarized his year in his “Outgo and Income” columns:

Household expenses including charity & leisure about $160.00   Had on the whole a poor season  Stand just about as I did one year ago  Whole amount sold for year about $425.00

Occasionally, George would become introspective for a moment as noted in these two entries:

August 27, 1872: My Birthday  Can it be possible that I am 34 years old today May my future days be spent in a better manner than those that are past – Plowed nearly all day with Fannie. 

April 1,1873: Two years have passed since I commenced keeping this diary How swift time flies May each passing year only serve to make me better prepared for Eternity  Got 200 dollars from Kate Hart to pay Marcus Stebbins – split some wood Mr & Mrs Stebbins here Eve

George paid off his “one large debt” in two years. He also paid rent to his father as money came in, sometimes in cash and other times in product as in this example:

April 30,1872: I finished planting my potatoes Fathers garden  Turned yearlings into woods (rent $75 – 1 ½ in potatoes)

Deaths, births, marriages, and sickness were recorded. Among the funerals George noted were: Mrs. Caroline Edmunds, Amelia Eldred, Mr. McBride, Uncle Tyler Featherly, Ed Tuttle (he and George Durfee were killed by inhaling gas while digging a well), Minerva Baldwin, Leroy Perkins (killed on railroad), Uncle Bill Griswold, Mrs. Albert Homan, Jack Davis, Mrs. McConnell and Mrs. Van Schoonhoven. The graves of several of these folks can be found in the Sheridan Center Cemetery. Some of the family surnames can also be seen in period atlases showing the location of family residences.

On August 2, 1872, George entered this simple statement at the end of his entry: “ Marlow hung today.”  Charles Marlow was a brewer in Jamestown, NY who was accused of killing William Bachmann. Details surrounding this incident can be found at https://www.murderbygaslight.com/2013/11/the-marlow-murder.html. It was an event that marked the times.

On a more pleasant note, George wrote of the birth of his daughter in what follows. (This blessed event and the plans leading up to it were nearly missed. Two candles were not the enough when reading faded 150-year-old ink and inadvertently skipping a page.)

February 8, 1873: Went to Rush Miners to get Lydia to see Amanda Carrier about working for us as Su [Ensign] is about to get married   PM went to Silver Creek with Su  Could not get Amanda so I engaged Nett Baldwin. [Nett commenced work on February 10]

March 5, 1873: Went to Su Ensigns wedding  She was married to H Miner by Rev. McCreary & then left for Falls

March 16, 1873: Took Mrs. Johnson home very cold & windy. Nett went home & staid nearly all day  Eve Carrie taken sick  Went after Dr. Bishop at Silver Creek at 9 o’clock & got back about 11  Old Mrs. McConnell died today

March 17, 1873: Carrie sick – little girl baby born at 3 o’clock AM – staid in house all day PM went to Forestville after Aunt Rebecca 

The next three days George “staid around the house.” The baby was named Emma, but in all entries following her birth she is referred to as “baby.” Emma E. McLaury (1873–1944) in time was to be known as Elsie. She married Almon Louis Cook (1872–1945) and together they had three children: Everell A., Elsie, and Rachel. Rachel (1908–1984) married William Hohenstein (1908–1989) and they had three children: William, Shirley, and Roger.

Life events continued after the baby was born:

April 26, 1873: Plowed  Nett Baldwin left

April 27, 1873: Staid home & took care of baby

June 19, 1873: Mrs Hart married today to Mr Barker

Many surnames mentioned in the document are very familiar to Sheridan: Davis, Baldwin, Merrill, Ensign, McConnell, Collins, Featherly, Patterson, Chesbro, Griswold, Johnson, Tooke, Mead, Munson, Shattuck, Carpenter, Miner, Newell, Stebbins, and Morse, to name a few.

George McLaury appears to have been a healthy man. Rarely an ailment was mentioned, though during a week of putting new shingles on his roof, he did pause for a “sick headache.”

In between major crop endeavors, George “chored around,” “tinkered up some fence,” drew wood, got horses shod and harness oiled, repaired equipment, washed sheep, “fussed with yearling,” went to the Center for mail, got a haircut, visited neighbors “of an evening” who were “plucking geese for market,” and participated in all the other minutia of daily life.

Eventually daily chores, working the farm, family responsibilities, and other obligations led to the shortening of his journal entries, as seen in the following notes from July 1873:

July 13, 1873: Baby Sick… Dr. here yesterday & today

July 14, 1873: Baby a little better  Finished cultivating potatoes  Fixed reaper  Cut around my wheat

July 26, 1873: Rainy AM Dr came and lanced babys neck  Father Jackson & Carries Uncle Holbrook here

July 27, 1873: Did not go to church on account of baby being sick

The last entry was August 17, 1873 and simply said, “Went to church in Paynes church.” August 18, 1873 was without comment.

On one page towards the back dated November 13, 1874, George drafted the beginning of a letter seeking to hire someone to teach in a district school. It was followed by lines of letters as if practicing his cursive script. At the very back was a page recording receipts and payments.

This was a serendipitous journey.  It supplied a multitude of details of daily life in early 1870’s Sheridan and its people. As I blew out the candles on that dark, dark night, I no longer had to imagine what it was like for George E. McLaury, his family and neighbors to live at that time. I had taken a brief tour through the seasons of his years to appreciate his hard work and dedication.  Many thanks to Roger and Romaine Hohenstein for the loan of this wonderful primary source document as well as other of their family artifacts donated to the Sheridan Historical Society.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SHS Honors Mary & Richard Langworthy

The Society finished 2023 by paying tribute to its two longest continuously serving members: the indefatigable Mary and Richard Langworthy. Although Mary and Dick have had to step back from their activities in recent months, they remain stalwart supporters of the Society and its mission.

Mary’s time with the group began over 25 years ago, when the late Vera Bell and Beatrice Mirth started to gather a sizable collection of Sheridan artifacts (many from their own families) in the unused second floor of the former town hall (now the Sheridan Historical Center). Mary was one of a handful of people who came together to support the women’s efforts. Together, they resurrected the town’s defunct historical society and, in 1999, began the arduous task of getting the Society chartered by the New York State Board of Regents.

With no heat in the “collection room” at the town hall, the devoted few poured over the chartering requirements at Mary and Dick’s West Sheridan home. Joining the effort were the couple’s daughter, Traci, and former Sheridan Town Clerk Julie Szumigala, both of whom remain active in the SHS. After several evening mega-meetings, the voluminous paperwork was nearly ready to send to Albany. The last step was for the group to adopt its constitution and bylaws and elect its first-ever Board of Trustees. With that accomplished in January 2000, the petition for chartering went in the U.S. mail, with Mary’s signature as SHS president. June brought the good news: The SHS was officially incorporated in the state of New York.

Mary went on to serve in various offices through 2022. All told, she has logged 15 years as president, five years as vice-president, and three years as secretary. No doubt, she would still be a regular at events were it not for a serious injury she suffered in late 2021. Dick, too, enjoyed a stint as Society president, serving in that role between 2003 and 2005 before taking up the treasurer’s post for 11 years, from 2009 to 2019.

The couple’s combined years in office hardly tell the full story, however. As Virginia Becker, a founding board member, described it, “Mary and Dick Langworthy embody the loyal qualities of service to an organization. In their many years of involvement with the historical society they have been in the forefront of making it visible and viable. Mary and Dick have contributed greatly in making the society what it is today.”

Indeed, it might be said that the Langworthys’ lives have been intertwined with that of the Society. Seldom has a major project been undertaken since 2000 without Dick and Mary being part of the team. As the Society’s unofficial facilities manager, Dick has tended to everything from annual furnace inspections and pest prevention to building repairs and exhibit construction. Mary was a driving force behind the Society’s involvement in the town’s 2004 bicentennial celebration. The couple also worked diligently to help the SHS purchase the current Historical Center in 2015.

Although it might have gone without saying, the SHS board used the occasion of this past Christmas to make sure the couple knows how much they are appreciated. On Dec. 8, members held a surprise party in their honor at the Sheridan Memorial VFW Post No. 6390. Dick was on hand to receive the group’s gratitude firsthand. Well wishes and gifts were sent to Mary at Absolut Care in Westfield.

These official gestures were not without more personal meaning. Current Treasurer Susan Bigler noted how much she has learned from the Langworthys, both in and outside of their mutual Society work. “I will forever be grateful I have gotten to know them,” she said. As for their contributions to the SHS, Bigler added: “I really can’t say enough about how Mary and Dick have been so instrumental in the continuation of the historical society, and how they kept it operating, with Dick maintaining the building and keeping the books for a long time and Mary leading us as president and contributing so much to everything we have tried to accomplish. It certainly has not been, and will never be, the same without them at our meetings.”

“Although my parents can’t be as active as they once were in the group, I know they will continue to support the Society’s work as they are able,” Traci Langworthy said. “I also know how much they appreciate the group’s words of support and thanks,” she added.

The most fitting words of tribute may be those offered by the couple’s niece, Lori Mayr, who has served as the Society’s president since 2018. “For many years our SHS has been blessed with two dedicated individuals. Their ideas, support, and passion for our mission have remained steadfast,” Mayr said. “No words can truly express our gratitude for their efforts to keep Sheridan history alive,” she concluded. “Mary and Dick, we honor and love you!”

 

The historical society will be presenting a display in Floral Hall during the Chautauqua County Fair commemorating the life of Congressman Daniel A. Reed, who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for the district including Chautauqua County from 1919 to his death in 1959. Congressman Reed was a native of the town of Sheridan and made his home in Dunkirk for most of his adult life, when he was not in Washington D.C. He is now buried in Sheridan Cemetery on Center Road. The display will show some of his accomplishments while in service of our country and highlight the seven presidential administrations he served under.

The fair runs Tuesday, July 18, through Sunday, July 23. Floral Hall is located at the front of the fair grounds, on the corner of Central Avenue and Waldorff Road.

A ceremony is being planned for Saturday, Sept. 23, at 1:00 p.m. to dedicate a plaque to be placed at his gravesite in Sheridan, which acknowledges his service in the U.S. Congress. The plaque has been funded by the Northern Chautauqua Community Foundation, the Reed family, and various local donors. The ceremony in September will be held at the gravesite with a reception following at the Sheridan Historical Center.

Lighthouse Lecture Tops List of Summer Events

When you travel U.S. Route 5 through Barcelona, you cannot miss the old cylindrical lakeside structure that looms next to the road. Join us at the Sheridan Historical Center at 7 p.m. Monday night, June 19th, to learn more about the Barcelona Lighthouse through an informative presentation given by Cristie Herbst, President of the Chautauqua County Historical Society. Among other details, Cristie will describe how Barcelona became an important port on the Great Lakes and what led to its decline. Refreshments will be served following the presentation.

This is the first of our SHS events planned for summer 2023. Please see below for what else is in store!

The Historical Center is located on the corner of U.S. Rt. 20 and Center Road in Sheridan, New York.

 

New Effort to Honor Rep. Daniel A. Reed Aims to Revive Town Pride

Last fall, SHS Trustee Susan Bigler began a special fundraising drive to raise money for the installation of a historical plaque honoring the late Rep. Daniel A. Reed, a 20-term United States Congressman who called Sheridan home. This spring brought the welcome news that our goal has been met, thanks to the generosity of many individuals.

The final seed money comes from a Community Benefit Grant in the sum of $655 from the Northern Chautauqua Community Foundation. When combined with the donations of the Town of Sheridan and several local individuals, the grant will cover the cost of a long overdue tribute to one of Sheridan’s most distinguished citizens.

Although a historical marker stands outside Reed’s boyhood home on Center Road in Sheridan, no special tribute exists at his final resting place in Sheridan Center Cemetery. In the article that follows, Bigler shares more of the congressman’s history and what inspired her to spearhead this community project.

By Susan Bigler

The Town of Sheridan is divided by zip codes and by school districts. A sense of community has been lost. In order for a Sheridan identity to continue, we need things in common. My idea to revive our pride took me to Daniel Alden Reed and the proud history he represents. 

The library at SUNY College at Fredonia is named after Daniel Reed. The pier at Barcelona has his name. We don’t give it a thought. But who was he, anyway? A house on the corner of Center and Chapin roads in Sheridan has a marker in its yard with perennials growing around it. What is that for? How many folks in Sheridan know the answer, that it was the boyhood home of Daniel Reed? 

Daniel A. Reed was born in Sheridan, N.Y. on September 15, 1875. He attended primary school in the one-room schoolhouse No. 3 in Sheridan and graduated from Silver Creek High School. He went on to earn a law degree from Cornell University and establish a practice in Dunkirk. He coached college football, including for his alma mater, Cornell. Later, he presented local lectures and was instrumental in organizing municipal chambers of commerce. During and immediately following World War I he organized Liberty Loan programs, a Red Cross fundraising drive, and a food conservation program. President Herbert Hoover next appointed him to a commission studying post-war food needs in England and France.  

Then came the part of his life for which he is most known today. In November 1918, he was elected to the United States Congress to represent our area, then part of the 43rd Congressional District. The district covered Chautauqua, Cattaraugus, and Allegany counties. (Boundaries and district numbers have changed over the years.)  

Early in his congressional career, he became chairman of the Committee on Education where, ahead of his time, he twice attempted to pass a bill to establish a Department of Education with a cabinet secretary. This effort did not become a reality until 1979, under the Carter administration. Meanwhile, Congressman Reed continued to be re-elected. He served in the United States House of Representatives for 20 consecutive terms. He was the Chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee under President Eisenhower. At the age of 83, he fell ill and passed away in Washington D.C. in February of 1959. 

Now, how many Sheridan residents know that this man who played a significant role in our national government for 40 years has a final resting place in the town of his birth? He is buried in Sheridan Center Cemetery on Center Road. If you look for an imposing monument adorned with floral tribute, you won’t find it. His gravestone is a modest rectangular stone with only his name and life dates. 

 I have a vague memory of the funeral procession when he was buried, but only second-hand because I was 6 years old and in grade school. I’m sure my memories stem from pictures and stories. Those who grew up in Sheridan a bit earlier remember the day. For a time, the gravesite was attended. I believe it was surrounded by a hedge for a while.   

Before Memorial Day last year, my cousin and I were in the cemetery with flowers for our family graves. I don’t recall how the subject of Daniel Reed came up, but conversation must have led to it somehow and I remarked how I didn’t remember where he was buried. My cousin remembered the general area and we found it. I was appalled by what I saw. Rep. Reed was a national public servant, with positions of authority in Congress and by presidential appointments. His constituents obviously respected him to have re-elected him to office so many times. Yet his final resting place was all but forgotten, with no flag or flower. It just didn’t feel right. From now on, we hope to remedy that. 

No matter what his politics were, Congressman Reed dedicated his life to serving his country and the people of his district. Upon his death, he was described by his fellow congressmen as a gentleman of strength, integrity, and courage, with service above self. Such a man deserves to be honored and serve as an example still today.  

Much as we honor our military servicemen and women with commemorative plaques on their graves, I felt that such a plaque belongs on the grave of Daniel Reed for his service to his country also. It should be different, since he served in a different way. But I resolved to begin raising money to erect an appropriate marker. I received some nice donations early on. The historical society then agreed to back the project, enabling us to apply for grant money from the Northern Chautauqua Community Foundation, which was gratefully received. 

These funds have enabled us to purchase a plaque from Mark Woolley of Riles and Woolley Monuments. Woolley will also help with an upright frame for the plaque, so that it will stand behind Daniel Reed’s stone. Any further donations anyone would like to contribute will be earmarked for this project and will go toward maintaining flowers at the gravesite yearly until the funds are used up. 

 A ceremony is planned in the cemetery for Saturday afternoon, September 23rd to dedicate the plaque. A reception will follow at the Sheridan Historical Center, where attendees will also have a chance to view the historical displays.  Residents of Sheridan are encouraged to attend to learn about one significant part of our town’s history of which we can all take pride.

Daniel A. Reed’s legacy also has meaning beyond Sheridan, to the other two counties he represented in Congress and beyond. The honors bestowed upon him by SUNY Fredonia and the Barcelona harbor show his contribution is recognized outside of his hometown. Shouldn’t it be recognized by his hometown, as well? If this helps in any way to revive our pride, it is worth the effort. 

The town of Sheridan has a proud history.  But it is forgotten too often. Current residents may think of Sheridan as a quiet rural town, removed from all the development happening elsewhere. But Sheridan has been at the center of a lot of important history, as Congressman Reed’s legacy reminds us. I believe that some of the reasons we can be proud of our town can be reestablished, and hopefully encourage interest, growth and revitalization.